Polygalacin D inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy and endogenous apoptosis pathways / 中国天然药物

Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. is a famous medicinal plant commonly used in East Asia. Triterpene saponins isolated from P. grandiflorum are the main biologically active compounds, among which polygalacin D (PGD) has been reported to be an anti-tumor agent. However, its anti-tumor mechanism against hepatocellular carcinoma is unknown. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect of PGD in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and related mechanisms of action. We found that PGD exerted significant inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells through apoptosis and autophagy. Analysis of the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins revealed that this phenomenon was attributed to the mitochondrial apoptosis and mitophagy pathways. Subsequently, using specific inhibitors, we found that apoptosis and autophagy had mutually reinforcing effects. In addition, further analysis of autophagy showed that PGD induced mitophagy by increasing BCL2 interacting protein 3 like (BNIP3L) levels.In vivo experiments demonstrated that PGD significantly inhibited tumor growth and increased the levels of apoptosis and autophagy in tumors. Overall, our findings showed that PGD induced cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma cells primarily through mitochondrial apoptosis and mitophagy pathways. Therefore, PGD can be used as an apoptosis and autophagy agonist in the research and development of antitumor agents.

Effects of breathing exercises on motor and respiratory function and on ability in daily living of patients with Parkinson′s disease / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of breathing exercises on motor, balance, respiration and ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) of patients with Parkinson′s disease.Methods:Sixty patients with idiopathic Parkinson′s disease who met the inclusion criteria were divided at random into a control group and a treatment group, each of 30. Both groups received routine drug therapy and 60 minute of rehabilitation training daily, including core muscle group control training, relaxation training, joint motion training, posture training, balance function training, gait training and facial muscle control training. There were 3 sessions a week for 24 weeks. The treatment group was also given breathing exercises, including training in abdominal breathing with the expiration time twice the inspiration time and inspiratory muscle training. The abdominal breathing training included 15 abdominal breaths, repeated twice after a 2-minute break; the inspiratory muscle training required 10 respirations and expirations at the maximum volume, repeated twice after an interval of 2 minutes. The training lasted 24 weeks, five times a week. The subjects′ motor functioning, balance, walking, respiration and daily living ability were evaluated before the treatment and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment using the Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale (part III) (UPDRS ⅲ), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), walking distance and the modified Barthel Index (MBI). Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and their ratio (FEV 1%) were also observed. Results:After 12 weeks of treatment, significant improvement was observed in the average UPDRS iii, BBS, 6MWT, MBI, FEV 1, FVC and FEV 1% results of both groups, but the improvement in the treatment group was significantly greater on average. After another twelve week the average UPDRS iii, BBS, 6MWT, MBI, FEV 1, FVC and FEV 1% results of the treatment group had improved significantly more than those of the control group. Conclusion:Breathing exercises can significantly improve the motor function, balance, walking, respiratory function and ADL ability of persons with Parkinson′s disease.

Clinical significance of multidisciplinary team collaboration for the treatment of hip fractures in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of multidisciplinary team collaboration (MDT)for the treatment of hip fractures in elderly patients.Methods A total of 157 elderly patients with hip fractures meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were admitted into our department from 1st September 2015 to 31st December 2017.The patients were randomly divided into the traditional treatment group and the MDT group.The differences in treatment time,cost,postoperative outcomes and postoperative Harris hip function score were compared between the two groups.Results The preoperative length of stay,total hospitalization time and the time of antibiotic use after operation were shorter in the MDT treatment group than in the traditional treatment group (all P ＜0.05).Total costs of treatment and costs for bed,laboratory examinations,and nursing were lower in the MDT treatment group than in the traditional treatment group(all P＜0.05).The off-bed activity time after operation was earlier in the MDT treatment group with femoral neck fractures [(5.36 ± 1.56)d vs.(10.07±2.26)d,P =0.002]than in the traditional treatment group with intertrochanteric fracture patients [(30.26 ± 3.01) d vs.(42.28 ± 3.52) d,P =0.017].Harris hip function score was higher in the MDT treatment group than in the traditional treatment group at 3 and 6 months after surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions As compared with the traditional treatment mode,MDT treatment mode can shorten the preoperative stay in bed,the length of hospital stay after surgery and the off-bed activity time after operation,reduce hospitalization costs and postoperative complications,and can promote the recovery of hip joint function in elderly hip fracture patients.

Accurate low ligation of inferior mesenteric artery and root lymph node dissection according to different vascular typing in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility and clinical significance of precision low inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation with the left colonic artery (LCA) preservation and root lymph node dissection in laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer, according to the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) types.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One Hundred and fore cases of rectal cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic resection in The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2015 to June 2016 were selected and divided into study group and control group according to different surgical methods. The study group (52 cases) accepted precision low IMA ligation with the LCA preservation and root lymph node (No.253) dissection, according to the IMA types and length examined by preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) reconstruction. The control group (52 cases) accepted the traditional high IMA ligation. The perioperative efficacy indexes and postoperative recovery situation of the two groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IMA types, IMA length and preoperative clinical stages were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05). The surgery was completed smoothly for patients in both groups, with no conversion to open surgery. But two patients in the study group underwent left colonic artery ligation for intra-operative need. There were no significant differences in the operative time, intra-operative blood lose, the rate of protective ileostomy and post-operative pathological stages between the two groups (all P>0.05). More total lymph nodes [(24.9±5.7) vs. (16.9±4.2), P=0.001] and No.253 lymph nodes [(2.4±1.1) vs. (1.5±0.8), P=0.001] were harvested in study group as compared to control group. However, the positive rate of total harvested lymph nodes and No.253 lymph nodes between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in postoperative first anal exhaust time, postoperative hospital stay, total volume of postoperative intraperitoneal drainage, postoperative abdominal drainage tube retention time, postoperative anal drainage tube retention time and postoperative catheter retention time (All P>0.05). There were 2 cases of postoperative dysuria and 1 case of anastomotic bleeding in study group. There were 3 cases of postoperative dysuria and 2 cases of anastomotic leak in control group. Less postoperative complications (5.8% vs. 9.6%, P<0.05) in study group as compared to control group. There was no rehospitalization or death case in two groups within 30 days after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer, preserving LCA and cleaning the root lymph nodes according to IMA types, which could increase the number of harvested lymph nodes and reduce the postoperative complications was safe and effective.</p>

Association between degree of Helicobacter pylori infection with serum pepsinogen and tumor markers related with gastric cancer / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the relationship of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection degree with serum pepsinogen(PG)and the tumor markers related with gastric cancer .Methods Totally 342 cases of health physical check‐up in our hospital from January to June 2015 were selected .13 C‐UBT was performed to evaluate the Hp infection and infection severitys .The level of serum PG was detected by ELSIA and the levels of tumor markers were detected by luminescence immunoassay .Then the results were statistically analyzed with the SPSS statistical software .Results The positive rate of Hp in 342 research subjects was 49 .42% ,and there was no difference between the male and the female groups(P>0 .05) .The level of serum pepsinogen Ⅰ (PGⅠ )and pepsinogen Ⅱ (PGⅡ)in the Hp(+ + )and Hp(+ + + )groups was significantly higher than that in the Hp negative group ,while the PGⅠ /PGⅡ lev‐el was significantly lower than that in the negative group (P<0 .05) .The level of carbohydrate antigen 724(CA724)and carcino‐em‐bryonic antigen(CEA)had the statistical difference between the Hp(+ + + ) group and the Hp negative group(P= 0 .040 ,P=0 .010) .The Pearson correlation analysis displayed that Hp infection was related with PG Ⅰ ,PGⅡ ,PGⅠ /PGⅡ ,CA724 and CEA . There was a positive correlation between PG Ⅱ and CA50)(r=0 .116 ,P=0 .032);there was a negative correlation between PG Ⅰ /PGⅡ and CA50(r= -0 .193 ,P=0 .000) .Conclusion The combined detection of Hp ,PG and tumor markers could be used as one of methods for screening benign and malignant gastric diseases in the healthy physical check‐up population ,which has an important value for the prevention and intervention of related disease occurrence and development .

Effect of CAR on STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim Carvacrol ( CAR ) , possesses a wide variety of pharmacological properties including antioxi-dant and anti-inflammatory potential. The present stud-y is designed to investigate the effect of CAR on glu-cose and lipid metabolism in type 1 diabetic mice. Methods Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal( i. p) injection of streptozotocin into male mice at the dose of 45 mg·kg-1 body weight( BW) . Mice were divided into three different groups containing eight to twelve in each. Age matched male C57 mice were used as nor-mal controls. Group I diabetes, Group Ⅱ and Ⅱ in-jected with CAR at 10 and 20 mg · kg-1 BW respec-tively once daily. After CAR injection 2, 4 or 6 weeks, the rats were weighted and the plasma concen-trations of glucose, total cholesterol( TC) , triglycerides (TG), Glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST), Ala-nine transaminase( ALT) levels were enzymatically de-termined using commercial kits. Results STZ-induced C57 BL/6 J diabetic mice showed an elevation in serum glucose, TG, ALT, AST and LDH levels. Compared to diabetic mice, administration of CAR resulted in sig-nificant decreases(P <0. 05) in plasma glucose, TG and LDH levels in a dose dependent manner, but no effect on elevated TC, ALT and AST levels. Conclu-sion These major findings provide evidence that CAR has anti diabetic property and it has the potential for development into a drug to prevent hyperglycemia, re-duce blood lipids and protect the dammaged organs.

Logistic regression analysis on risk factors of autism spectrum disorders / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the possible risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASD),and to pro-vide a basis for exploring the etiology of the disease.Methods This case -control study included 68 patients diag-nosed as ASD for a first lifetime(according to the fourth edition of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disordersfor ASD diagnosis)from May 201 4 to January 201 5,and 77 non -ASD controls (normal children, matched on gender)in Jiangxi Children′s Hospital were selected to undergo the risk factor survey for ASD.The survey content included 1 0 categories:general status,birth,feeding,the past history,mother′s pregnancy and her health condi-tion during pregnancy and environmental exposure,parents′occupational exposure,family history and relevant test re-sults.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the results of the survey.Results The possible risk factors for ASD increased if mother had virus infection 2 years before pregnant (OR =7.97,95%CI:2.42 -26.31 ),had occu-pational exposure (OR =3.99,95%CI:1 .27 -1 2.52),volatile organic compounds exposure during pregnancy (OR =22.21 ,95%CI:2.28 -21 6.09),as well as living closely to transport passage ways during pregnancy (OR =0.59,95%CI:0.38 -0.93)or having a family heredity history (OR =58.50,95%CI:5.81 -589.57).Breastfeeding (OR =0.81 ,95%CI:0.66 -0.98)might be a protective factor in ASD.Conclusions In addition to genetic factors,the ute-rine environment from conception to birth and growth environment play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD.

Application of hot melt extrusion in the solid dispersion preparation of hydrophobic drugs:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

Hot melt extrusion (HME) is an effective method to make the drugs form amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) in microstructure, through which we can improve the dissolution behavior so as to improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. This review mainly focuses on the screening of active pharmaceutical ingredients and polymer carriers, feasibility evaluation of the technique, and the control of key parameters of preparation process, summarizes the application of HME to develop drug delivery system.

Clinical observation of Tripterygium wilfordii tablets in the treatment of intractable psoriasis / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Tripterygium wilfordii tablets in the treatment of intractable psoriasis.Methods 66 patients with intractable psoriasis according to the time of admission were randomly divided into two groups.The treatment group was treated with Tripterygium wilfordii tablets,the control group was given erythromycin combined with Glycyrrhizin.During treatment period,the blood and urine were checked every two weeks,the liver and kidney function were examined monthly.After treatment for 6 weeks,the clinical efficacy and side effects were observed in two groups.The patients were followed up for 2 years,the recurrence was observed.Results In the treatment group,8 cases were cured,effective in 15 cases,8 cases were improved,2 cases were ineffective,the total effective rate was 69.7％.Those in the control group were 2 cases,7 cases,5 cases,19 cases,the total effective rate was 27.3％,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =7.34,P ＜ 0.05).In the treatment group,mild dizziness in 1 case,transaminase increased in 1 case,irregular menstruation in 1 case,accounted for 9.1％.In the control group,3 cases occured mild dizziness,1 case occured anorexia,transaminase increased in 1 case,irregular menstruation in 1 case,accounted for 18.2％.2 weeks after withdrawal of the drug,they all returned to normal.The incidence rate of side effects between the two groups had statistically significant difference (x2 =3.37,P ＜ 0.05).In the treatment group,1 case relapsed within 1 year,2 cases relapsed within 2 years,the total recurrence rate was 9.1％.In the control group,5 cases relapsed within 1 year,7 cases relapsed within 2 years,the recurrence rate was 39.4％,there was significant difference between the two groups (x2 =5.79,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tripterygium wilfordii tablets in the treatment of refractory psoriasis has short response time,good clinical effect,less side effects,and good long-term effect,which is worthy of promotion.

Comparison and harmonization assessment of mutual among four different immunoassay systems in CA19-9 test / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the differences and harmonization of immunoassay systems in detecting CA19-9 and to assess the possibility of mutual recognition in different laboratories.Methods Data were collected and analyzed from External Quality Assessments (EQA) of NCCL(Lots:200811-201215) and ZJCCL(Lots:080309-120211).120 fresh serum with different concentrations of CA19-9 were collected.The CA19-9 results of healthy people were also collected from September 2010 to March 2012.Four kinds of stable immunoassay systems were involved in our research,including Abbott Architect i2000,Beckman UniCel DxI 800,Roche E170 and Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP.The differences among four system groups were calculated with the EQA data.The fresh serum comparisons were also performed following the guideline of CLSI EP9-A2 The 95％ confidence interval of each immunoassay system was calculated.Comparisons were made by scatter diagrams and weighted regression.Results Both EQA of NCCL and ZJCCL showed better correlation coefficients and larger bias (bw ranged from 1.340 to 4.683) than in fresh serum comparisons.Although the correlation coefficients were all unsatisfactory,the bw were all close to 1 in fresh serum comparisons.When the recommended serum concentration of 27 U/ml was used,the biases were Abbott-Roche-6.41％,Beckman-Roche-5.07％,Siemens-Roche 13.15％,Beckman-Abbott 2.46％,Siemens-Abbott 22.52％ and Siemens-Beckman 39.66％,respectively.Differences of 95％ confidence intervals were statistically significant among parts of the immunoassay systems.Conclusions Only in the lower concentration can CA19-9 results be mutual recognized among four different immunoassay systems,there will be larger differences and risks in the higher concentration.

Study on quality standard of Rhizoma Diosoreae and Rhizoma Dioscorea stir-baked with bran / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To perfect the current standard of Rhizoma Diosoreae and Rhizoma Diosoreae stir-baked with bran by improving quality standards of the two processed pieces.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The quality standards were established according to 9 batches of processed pieces, separately. The standards contains items of identification, water, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, extractives, heavy metals limit, organochlorine limit, microbial limit and assay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The TLC of the two pieces was characteristed. The contents of acid-insoluble ash in the two pieces were increased, not more than 0.5%, 0.3%, respectively. The content limits of five kinds of heavy metals and harmful elements, two kinds of residual organochlorine pesticides and three microbial limits were increased. There were no more than 2 x 10(-7) of lead, 2 x 10(-7) of cadmium, 1 x 10(-5) of copper, 3 x 10(-7) of arsenic, 1 x 10(-7) of mercury, 1 x 10(-7) of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) and 1 x 10(-7) of chlorophenothane (DDT) in the two processed pieces, respectively. There were no more than 2 000 and 600 cfu x mL(-1) in the two pieces, respectively and no more than 30 MPN x 100 g(-1) and fungi can not be tested in the two pieces. The contents of allantoin in the two pieces were no more than 0.15%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is simple and suitable for the quality control of the two processed pieces.</p>

Processing technics of Rhizoma Dioscoreae stired by wheat bran / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the processing technics of prepared slice of Rhizoma Dioscoreae for its industrial production.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The effect factors, such as stiring temperature (60, 80, 100 degrees C), stiring time (10, 20, 30 min) and the proportion of pieces and wheat bran (100: 5, 100: 10, 100: 15) were evaluated by orthogonal method. The content of allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae was determine by HPLC method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The amount of wheat bran could affect the content of allation significantly, and stiring temperature and stiring time almost had no effect on content of allantoin. The processing technics was tested by industrial produce, according to 11 batches from 4 growing regions. The result showed that the quality of industrial product was stable.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>That the amount of wheat bran can affect the quality of Rhizoma Dioscoreae greatly. The determined technics is simple and suitable for prepared slice of Rhizoma Dioscoreae industrival manufacture.</p>

Advance in Progressive Stroke (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Progressive stroke is a therapeutic challenge for clinical practice. Some factors, such as infection, hypotension, hyperglycaemia and fever were related with progressive stroke. The clinical features, imaging, laboratory examination could predict the development of progressive stroke. Treatment include anticoagulation, reduce fibrinogen，temperature，glucose，enlarge capacity，control brain edema, protective agent and surgery.

Clinical features and rehabilitation effect of patients with ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy at recovery stage / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the clinical features and rehabilitation effect of patients with ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy at recovery stage. MethodsThe clinical features and ADL rehabilitation effect of 32 ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy patients who were received rehabilitation therapy were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe extrapyramidal tract lesion was the most common clinical feature and most of the patients combined with cognitive function impairment. There was no significant improvement in ADL after rehabilitation (P>0.05).ConclusionsThe ADL rehabilitation effect of patients with ischemic-hypoxic encepha1opathy in the recovery stage is not effective. The key points of increasing ADL are to reduce hypertonic muscle and improve cognitive function.

Rehabilitation treatment on the motor function at different period after cerebral hemorrhage / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the effect of the rehabilitation treatment on the motor function and activities of daily living(ADL) at different period after cerebral hemorrhage.Methods208 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into five groups according to the disease course(≤1 month, 1-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-12 months and 12-24 months). Two months before and after rehabilitation treatment, the motor function of the involved limb, ADL and ambulation were assessed.ResultsAfter treatment the motor function of upper and lower limbs and hands, ambulation and ADL of ≤1 month group were improved(P<0.05); except for the hand motor function, 1-3months and 3-6 months group were also improved(P<0.05); the ambulation and ADL of 6-12 months group were improved(P<0.05),but the motor function had no change; in 12-24 months group only ADL improved.Conclusions Rehabilitation treatment do benefit for stroke patients in different periods. Treatment emphasis should vary with the start time of rehabilitation treatment.

Application of Question-asking Approach in the Classroom Teaching of“Rational Administration of Anti-infectives” / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To apply the question-asking approach to the teaching of“Rational Administration of Antiin?fectives”for medical undergraduates.METHODS:Teaching design was conducted before classroom teaching,which included designing questions and making two sets of test papers(the questions were the same for the two sets)for book-open written examination,interactive question-asking teaching approach was applied in classroom teaching process.RESULTS:The class?room was very active and students’enthusiasm of learning was greatly motivated,students’average score of this subject in?creased from50.2in the pretest to96.6at the end of classroom learning,which was of significant difference(P

Risk factors of the post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To explore the risk factors of shoulder-hand syndrome after first onset of the stroke. Method The likely related factors of the post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome of 103 patients who suffer from stroke within first 3 months during January 2001 to April 2003 were regressively analyzed. Results The incidence of the post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome is about 30.1%. The results showed that shoulder subluxtion and age are two independent risk factors. Conclusion Shoulder-hand syndrome is a common complication occurring within 3 months after stroke. It is nesessary for clinicians to pay more attentions to these factors and to take preventive procedure at early stage in order to reduce the incidence as much as possible.

Evaluation of the results of bilingual teaching with 7-year-program clinical medicine majors and analysis of influencing factors / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To evaluate the results of teaching in both Chinese and English with 7-year-program clinical medicine majors and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Data from a questionnaire survey of 25 students exposed to bilingual teaching were analyzed.Results The students generally approved of the model of bilingual teaching,which was contributory to improving their proficiency in specialized English.However,uneven English levels on the part of teachers and students and imperfect materials and methods as well as discontinuity affected the overall results of bilingual teaching and to some extent the students' mastery of specialized knowledge.Conclusion Bilingual teaching with 7-year-program clinical medicine majors is a must,and yet persistent efforts need to be made in enhancing the teachers' English level,compiling proper textbooks and improving teaching methods so as to genuinely better the results of bilingual teaching.